Paws en routePaws en route

Guides & Resources

Everything you need to know before your pet travels.

Airline policies, carrier sizing, documentation timelines, breed restrictions, and safety standards, all sourced, maintained, and translated into plain English by our team.

Airline Guides

Every airline policy in one place.

In-cabin rules, cargo programs, breed restrictions, summer embargo windows, and Paws en route notes for 11 major carriers. Verified March–April 2026.

Don't see your airline? — we work with 40+ carriers and can provide policy details on request.

Crate & Carrier Sizing

The right carrier prevents problems at the gate.

An oversized carrier won't fit under the seat. An undersized crate is a welfare issue and a cargo rejection. Measure once, travel without surprises.

How to Measure Your Pet

A

Length

Tip of nose to base of tail. Add 10 cm for crate length.

B

Height

Top of head (or ear tips if upright) to floor. Add 10 cm.

C

Width

Widest point (shoulders or hips). Add 10 cm.

IATA standard requires the crate to allow your pet to stand without touching the roof, turn around fully, and lie in a natural position.

Carrier Types

Soft-Sided Carrier

Max Weight
Up to 20 lb
IATA Status
Not IATA compliant

Best for in-cabin. Flexible dimensions often compress to fit under the seat. Approved by most carriers for pets under their weight limit.

Hard-Sided Carrier

Max Weight
Up to 25 lb
IATA Status
Not IATA compliant

More protective than soft-sided. Required by some airlines for in-cabin and accepted for cargo under 20 kg on select routes.

IATA Cargo Crate

Max Weight
Any weight
IATA Status
IATA LAR compliant

Required for all live animal cargo programs. Must allow the pet to stand upright, turn fully, and lie in a natural position without touching the roof.

Sizing Chart by Weight

Select a weight range to see compatible airlines and minimum dimensions.

WeightPet Size
0–10 lbXS / Toy
10–20 lbSmall
20–40 lbMedium
40–70 lbLarge
70+ lbXL / Giant

Not sure if your carrier fits?

Our concierge team can review your carrier dimensions against your chosen airline's current spec before you book.

Health Certificates & Documentation

A single missed window invalidates the entire trip.

International pet documentation is a sequenced compliance process with hard deadlines, not a simple stack of forms. One certificate issued a day too early is worthless at the border.

Documentation Timeline

Microchip

ISO 15-digit

As early as possible

Must precede or coincide with rabies vaccination for the vaccination to count toward import requirements.

Rabies Vaccination

After microchip

180+ days before entry

Primary series plus booster must be current. Some countries require the initial vaccination at a minimum age.

Titer Test

If required

30+ days post-vaccination

OIE-FAVN rabies antibody test. Required for high-restriction countries: Australia, Japan, Singapore, UK, Hawaii.

Waiting Period

Country-specific

30–180 days

30 days for most EU routes. 180 days for UK, Japan, Australia, Singapore from the date of successful titer test.

Health Certificate

USDA-accredited vet

≤ 10 days before

Must be issued within 10 days of departure by an accredited vet. Includes physical exam, microchip scan, and vaccination history.

USDA Endorsement

US-origin routes

Submit 14 days before

Federal endorsement of the health certificate by USDA-APHIS. 7–10 business day turnaround; expedited available.

Departure

Day 0

Important: Documentation windows are strict. A health certificate issued 11 days before departure is invalid at the border. We manage all timing on your behalf. That is exactly what our concierge is for.

Document Reference

Vet Health Certificate

Issued by
USDA-Accredited Veterinarian
Valid
10 days from issue
Required for
All international routes

A physical examination completed within 10 days of departure. Must include microchip confirmation, vaccination history, and health status declaration signed by an accredited vet.

USDA-APHIS Endorsement

Issued by
USDA-APHIS (regional office)
Valid
Matches health certificate
Required for
All US-origin international routes

Federal endorsement of the vet health certificate. Submit to your regional USDA-APHIS office. Standard turnaround is 7–10 business days; expedited processing is available at select offices.

EU Animal Health Certificate

Issued by
Official Veterinarian + competent authority
Valid
10 days from examination
Required for
All EU entry routes

The AHC replaced the EU Pet Passport for non-EU travelers post-2021. Country-specific format; issued by an official veterinarian. A new certificate is required for each journey.

UK Animal Health Certificate

Issued by
APHA-approved Official Veterinarian
Valid
10 days from issue
Required for
UK entry routes

Required for all pet entries into Great Britain since January 2021 (post-Brexit). Separate and distinct from the EU AHC. Must be issued by a UK-government-approved OV.

OIE-FAVN Titer Test

Issued by
OIE-approved laboratory
Valid
24 months from successful test
Required for
Australia, Japan, Singapore, UK, Hawaii

Blood drawn after vaccination is submitted to an OIE-approved lab. If antibody levels meet the threshold, a mandatory waiting period begins: 30 days for most countries, 180 days for Australia and Japan.

This is exactly what our concierge handles.

We generate a destination-specific documentation timeline for your pet on day one of your engagement, with exact dates, your local vet's instructions, and every government deadline marked.

Breed Restrictions

Two types of restriction. Both can stop a trip cold.

Airline restrictions affect whether your pet can fly with that carrier. Country-level bans affect whether they can enter the destination at all, regardless of airline.

Full Breed Compatibility Guide

Brachycephalic breeds + country entry bans

Is your breed on a restricted list?

Breed restrictions are not always the end of the road. We pre-screen every booking and frequently identify alternative carriers or routing options.

Country Requirements

Every destination has its own rules.

Entry requirements range from a single health certificate to six-month quarantine preparation protocols. Our destination guides cover what you need in full.

Don't see your destination? We cover 120+ countries and can provide a requirements summary for any destination.

Safety Standards

The standards we hold ourselves to. And why.

A 100% safety record over seven years is not luck. It is the result of protocols that most travel providers don't apply because they're inconvenient.

The 45°F–85°F Temperature Envelope

We monitor tarmac temperatures, cargo hold climate data, and departure airport conditions against this window for every live animal shipment. If projected temperatures fall outside this range at any point in the journey (during boarding, on the tarmac, or in transit) we halt the route and rebook immediately. This is why we enforce summer cargo embargoes on routes through the Gulf, the US Southwest, and other high-heat corridors even when the airline itself hasn't imposed one.

We Do Not Sedate. Ever.

Sedation is explicitly contraindicated by the American Veterinary Medical Association and IATA for air travel. At altitude, respiratory suppression and cardiovascular effects from sedatives are amplified in ways that cannot be monitored in cargo. A sedated pet that encounters complications has no ability to self-regulate. We refuse bookings where a client insists on sedation and will not coordinate with vets who administer it for air travel.

Cargo Hold Reality

Modern wide-body cargo holds are pressurized to the same standard as the passenger cabin and temperature-controlled between 45°F and 85°F. The noise level is higher than in-cabin, and there is no visual contact with crew. For this reason, we prefer direct flights over connections for all cargo shipments. Connecting flights introduce an additional handling variable at each transfer, and we pre-approve all ground handlers at connection airports on cargo routes.

Direct Flight Preference

For all pet travel, in-cabin and cargo alike, we recommend the fewest number of flight legs possible. Every connection is a transfer, and every transfer is a point of failure: missed connections, tarmac delays, handling errors. When a direct route adds three hours to a journey, we take it. When a connection is unavoidable, we select airports with licensed animal holding facilities, minimum 90-minute connection windows, and pre-confirmed ground handlers.

100%

Safety record, 7 years

15k+

Pets transported

45°–85°F

Temperature envelope

0

Sedated pets, ever

Ready to travel?

Every guide on this page is what our concierge does for you, for free.

You don't need to memorize airline policies or documentation windows. Tell us where you're going and we'll handle it end to end.

Paws en route provides expert pet travel and relocation worldwide. Our IATA-certified specialists coordinate international pet transport, dog transportation, and feline transportation to 150+ destinations — handling veterinary compliance, customs clearance, and door-to-door concierge delivery globally.

IPATA — The Pet Shipping Experts